> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.enercalc.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.enercalc.com/sel-faq/using-the-software/calculation-modules/retaining-walls/cantilevered-retaining-wall/default-value-of-0-0018-for-mi.md).

# Default Value of 0.0018 for Min Stem Temp & Shrinkage in IBC 2021

Why the default minimum stem temperature and shrinkage reinforcing changed to 0.0018 in the Cantilevered Retaining Wall module for IBC 2021.

## Why did the default value change for minimum stem temperature & shrinkage reinforcing in the Cantilevered Retaining Wall module for IBC 2021?

First, a little history:

ACI 318-14 Section 11.1.4 refers to sections 22.2 through 22.4 for the design of cantilevered retaining walls, and makes specific reference to section 11.6 for horizontal reinforcing requirements.

ACI 318-14 Table 11.6.1 says:

rho\_t must be at least 0.0020 for cast-in-place walls using deformed bars on No. 5 or smaller, provided fy is less than or equal to 60000 psi.

It also says rho\_t must be at least 0.0025 for cast-in-place walls using deformed bars larger than No. 5.

Fast forward to ACI 318-19, where cantilevered retaining walls are now referenced in Chapter 13 - Foundations.

Section 13.3.6.1 states:

The stem of a cantilever retaining wall shall be designed as a one-way slab in accordance with the applicable provisions of Chapter 7.

(Knowing which are the "applicable provisions" seems to be the key.)

Assuming that it is an "applicable provision", Section 7.6.4.1 states:

Reinforcement shall be provided to resist shrinkage and temperature stresses in accordance with 24.4.

Section 24.4.1 states:

Reinforcement to resist shrinkage and temperature stresses shall be provided in one-way slabs in the direction perpendicular to the flexural reinforcement in accordance with 24.4.3 or 24.4.4.

Section 24.4.3.1 states:

Deformed reinforcement to resist shrinkage and temperature stresses shall conform to Table 20.2.2.4(a) and shall be in accordance with 24.4.3.2 through 24.4.3.5.

Section 24.4.3.2 states:

The ratio of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement area to gross concrete area shall be greater than or equal to 0.0018.


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