> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.enercalc.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.enercalc.com/e3d-user-manual/model-entities/toc175916832/toc161394040.md).

# Local Coordinate System

Understand the shell element local coordinate system used for stiffness, loads, and internal force outputs.

Each shell element has its own local coordinate system. The element local coordinate systems are used in element stiffness formulations. They are also used for inputs such as loads and outputs such as internal shears, moments, and stresses. Local angles for rectangular shells must be 0s if thin plate bending formulation is used in the analysis options. For definition of the shell local coordinate system, refer to Coordinate Systems.


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