> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.enercalc.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.enercalc.com/e3d-user-manual/model-entities/toc161394027/toc161394037.md).

# Internal Forces and Moments

How the program reports member internal forces and moments and their positive sign conventions.

The program outputs internal forces and moments at designated stations along the member length. You may specify the number of segments ranging from 1 to 127 for member output by running the command Analysis > Analysis Options. For smooth moment and shear diagrams, the program may add extra segments.

The following figure shows the positive direction of the internal forces and moments of members.

| **Forces**                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | **Moments**                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-5a8a376c829bfaf442334fa2c6561fbc0af5c2c5%2FFASTFR~1_img246.png?alt=media) Axial Force Vx | ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-fecd6c8730921cf267154d813a4d6feaf7489147%2FFASTFR~1_img247.png?alt=media) Torsion Mx      |
| ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-1b49326db2ad59eeab4befbb40395cab0097af8d%2FFASTFR~1_img248.png?alt=media) Major Shear Vy | ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-5b9b34d59bd12e9541cb3d9ed2f884a044162219%2FFASTFR~1_img249.png?alt=media) Major Moment Mz |
| ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-26ea3d5b374f98173572b0e0ebc627285fd4c905%2FFASTFR~1_img250.png?alt=media) Minor Shear Vz | ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ba3ceceda103c6aa9b5e2e8202fca3885274ad5d%2FFASTFR~1_img251.png?alt=media) Minor Moment My |

The following figure is an alternative way to show the positive direction of the internal shears and moments on the local xy and xz planes.

| Moment & shear on the local xy plane                                                                                                                                                                          | Moment & shear on the local xz plane                                                                                                                                                                          |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-680c13f7db2c0bc0b6db21bd0caec92d92034640%2FFASTFR~1_img252.png?alt=media) | ![](https://560001759-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FWNe8U6EBBBdUJHdb2X9G%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-b956d2e5e984d6889299a5917d12960ac9bb56b0%2FFASTFR~1_img253.png?alt=media) |


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